Various Types of Levels Used in the Buildings.
Various Types of Levels Used in the Buildings.
The different types of
levels which are used in the building are given below:
- Natural
Ground Level
- Floor
Finishing Level
- Plinth
Level
- Sill
Level
- Lintel
Level
- Building
Ground Level (BGL)
These levels are provided in a structure to make it more sound
and stable. Let us discuss them one by one below.
Natural Ground Level (NGL)
It is defined as the level of the ground or land in its
unmodified state. The height for Natural Ground Level (NGL) is generally
measured with the reference of Mean-Sea Level (MSL). It is measured in its
original state without any disturbance on it such as excavation (cutting) or
filling.
Floor Finishing Level (FFL)
It refers to the top most surface
of a floor once construction has been completed but
before any finishes have
been applied. Therefore, in concrete construction it may be the top surface
of a screed finish, or in timber construction, FFL denotes the top level of
floorboards, chipboard or
ply decking
Plinth Level
The portion of superstructure which is located between the
surrounding ground and the finished floor is known as the plinth. The level of
floor is usually referred as the plinth level.
On the other hand the level at which Substructure ends and
superstructure starts is called Plinth level.
The primary objective of the plinth level is to terminate the
access of moisture, dampness, and seepage of rainwater and storm water inside
the building.
The height of plinth level usually ranges from 300mm to 450mm.
The reference of its height is taken from natural ground level (NGL). The
minimum height of plinth level is taken 150mm from the road level.
Functions of Plinth Level
The functions of plinth level are as follows:-
·
It protects the complete structure from dampness.
·
It transfers the load from the superstructure to the
substructure. And hence, maintains the stability of the structure.
·
It improves the aesthetical appearance of the structure.
· It reduces the risk of differential settlement of foundation up to a certain level.
SILL
Level:
The
base part of the window is comprised of stone work components. It is known as
Sill of window. The Sill level is characterized as the level or vertical
estimation between the completed floor level of the structure and the
foundation of the window. It is found in windows only.
The
height of Sill level in buildings and different rooms is kept between 600mm to
650mm while the level of the sill level in the washroom is kept at least
1100mm. The level of Sill level in restroom is kept more because of protection
concerns.
Reason for Sill Level
• To give an inflexible base to the window
outline and the window in general. The base offers help to the window.
• To give the smooth completed surface to
the window.
• To stop the passage of dampness.
Because
of nonattendance of sill, breaks might foster in the wall because of burden
coming on it. Likewise dampness might saturate the wall because of the
shortfall of Sill.
Purpose of Sill Level
·
To provide a rigid base to the window frame and the window as a
whole. The base provides support to the window.
·
To provide the smooth finished surface to the window.
·
To prevent the entry of moisture.
Due to absence of sill, cracks may develop in the wall due to
load coming on it. Also moisture may seep into the wall due to the absence of
sill.
Lintel Level
Lintel is an element made up of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC)
which is located at the top of the doors and windows (See above image).
Unlike sill, the lintel is
provided to the doors and
windows both the major purpose of a lintel is to transfer the load,
coming from the walls above
to the surrounding wall area.
The frame of the door is not capable for bearing the load coming
from the wall above it. So, it is necessary to provide a lintel to doors and
windows. As per the building regulations, the preferred lintel height for the
residential building is 2.1m and for the commercial building is 2.3m.
Building Ground Level (BGL)
The level of land or the finished floor level inside the
building is known as the Building Ground Level (BGL). The height of the
Building Ground Level usually ranges from 150mm to 450mm, from the Natural
Ground Level (NGL).
One main reason for raising the height of any building is to
restrict the entry of water inside the building due to rainfall or storm.
The height of the Building Ground Level may increase if the
building is located in sloppy areas as well as in the areas where heavy
rainfall is commonly seen.
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